Petroleum, the Triple Threat to World Economies
World economies are facing a triple threat. Oil reserves will be close to depletion by the year 2050. Damages from climate changes caused by escalating greenhouse gas emissions will become substantial. Rising transportation and food costs will slow economic growth rates. The results will lead to worldwide economic stagnation without hope for escape or reversal.
Future generations will have to pay dearly for ATMP phosphonate the failure of previous national governments to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions and to change world energy supplies. Our dependence on fossil fuels must be terminated completely within the next three to four decades or the world will self-destruct.
Let's us look at the facts that lead to these frightening conclusions.
Statements about petroleum reserves have been dubious in the past. In 2007, lowest figures are in the range of 1 to 1.3 trillion barrels. A figure as high as 2.3 trillion barrels has been proposed but will not find many supporters, not even in the oil industry.
At the 2006 rate of oil consumption of 31 billion barrels per year, these reserves could last 32 to 74 years. Such figures are often quoted but are much too high because annual oil consumption is continually rising. The growth rate is approximately 2% per year. Projecting steady growth to the year 2050, the actual consumption is going to be 60% higher. This increases the average annual consumption rate between 2006 and 2050 to a very realistic 50 billion barrels per year. Time to depletion is reduced to a time span of 20 years to 46 years. Most likely, neither figure is correct. However, it is reasonable to assume that a figure between 20 years and 46 years will be most likely.
Combusting 1 to 2.3 trillion barrels of oil will add a huge amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The amount is 0.42 to 1 trillion tons of carbon dioxide. This huge mass will increase the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere by 55 to 125 ppm. Only a small percentage of this additional mass will be absorbed in the oceans. Most of it will lead to a substantial increase in the atmosphere's carbon dioxide content.
During the same time, an even larger amount of carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere from the accelerating burning of coal and natural gas.
There is a direct connection between carbon dioxide accumulation and global temperature increase. During the last 30 years, this correlation amounted to approximately 2 degree C per 100 ppm carbon dioxide. If we accept this correlation as valid, we are faced with some very ugly numbers. During the next 46 years, we will increase the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by at least 200 ppm. In turn, this increase will result in a rise of global temperatures by 4 degree C. This means that by the year 2050, the world will have warmed by 5 degree C! This figure is more realistic than recent IPCC forecasts.
The robust growth of world economies and the exceptionally fast increase in energy consumption in China and India will result in much higher energy consumption and in a much faster growth of greenhouse gases than originally predicted. Two other accelerating factors are the failure of the Kyoto Protocol to perceptibly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the decision of the USA to delay any countermeasures.
In view of actual, past developments and by accepting a realistic future outlook, we must draw several, inescapable conclusions. The increase of global temperatures on Earth will become faster, transportation of commodities and goods will get extremely costly, and the effects of global warming on climate change will continue to become more numerous and more destructive. This confluence of future developments will lead inescapably to a major threat to all world economies.
Once world economies begin to contract and collapse, national economies cannot marshal any longer the necessary resources that could have saved the world. Installation of effective countermeasures will require a minimum time of thirty years. Once economies contract, there will be no resources and no time left to implement solutions.
The world will have lost the ability to install any of the promising, renewable technologies, which are able to produce electricity and liquid transportation fuels without the emission of any destructive greenhouse gases. The world as we know it will cease to exist.
Global Isoamyl Valerate Market 2016: Industry Demand, Segment, Statistics and Research to 2021
The 'Global and Chinese Isoamyl Valerate (CAS 2050-09-1) Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research Report' is an in depth and systematic study of the present state of the global Isoamyl Valerate (CAS 2050-09-1) market along with the past trends and performance of the market with special attention given to the Chinese market. The report contains key statistic and factual data on the performance of the market in different economic situations for ATMP acid last few years.
The report covers the manufacturers and other factors and contributors of the global and Chinese Isoamyl Valerate (CAS 2050-09-1) market along with their individual performances, revenue, Rs specific needs based on our expert resources. The business scopes of Intense Research cover more than 30 industries includsing energy, new materials, transportation, daily consumer goods, chemicals, etc. We provide our clients with one-stop solution for all the research requirements.
Contact Us:
Joel John
3422 SW 15 Street, Suit #8138,
Deerfield Beach, Florida 33442,
United States
Tel: +1-386-310-3803
GMT Tel: +49-322 210 92714
USA/Canada Toll Free No. 1-855-465-4651
Email: sales@intenseresearch.com
Web: website
Strategies of Selecting the Best Anion Sanitary Napkin - 2050
When an atom's charge goes from neutral to negative, this leads to the formation of anions and examples include halogens, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen. During the bonding stage, the atom receives about 4 electrons from another atom which in turn shifts the balance of its charge to negative. They are non-metal and generally, gases at room temperature. Oddly enough, they have very low boiling points; they don't conduct electricity and have very high boiling points. These properties and much more have made several manufacturers to come up with anion sanitary napkin for women.
In addition, they have anti-bacterial effect and the strongest liquid absorption when it comes to menstrual flow. During menstruation flow, skin in pubes may be hurt easily and genital system weakened. This type of napkin will not only help in assisting to maintain health but will also boost your self confidence and self respect. However, you can achieve this by selecting the most suitable one. Follow these steps to make the perfect choice.
Decide whether you are willing to use it solely or as a backup for amino trimethylene phosphonic acid tampons as a way of offering you the perfect protection. There are women who use these pads as backups for tampons. If you happen to fall in that class, decide first before making your selection.
Next, consider the different brands, sizes, thicknesses and styles that come with these napkins. They are required to cover the vulva (the external female genital area) to prevent any leakage. Consider a pad that will offer you a plus size, extra long as well as overnight protection especially if you have larger panty sizes.
Check out the style and shape that comes with the pads. It should fall in line with your lifestyle. There are those that come designed with wings while others without whereas others may be curved and others contoured as a way of preventing any leakage on the sides. It is therefore imperative to choose an anion pad that falls under your lifestyle.
Depending on the level of physical activity, it is imperative to check out the thickness that comes with these menstrual flow protection products. They have a thicker and thinner lining. As a woman, select the one which will serve the need without the necessity of bulkiness.
Check out the absorbency that comes with these sanitary pads. If you want to remain dry and comfortable without any embarrassment, choose one that tends to give the highest level of absorbency which will in turn help you to stay dry with a lot of coziness without any fear of leakage.
Phosphoric acid that has many uses in industrial applications
Phosphoric acid Properties:
It is Colorless, transparent and syrupy liquid; It is too odorless and tastes very sour; its melting point is 42.35 ; it is so easily soluble in water and resolves in ethanol; it may be irritate human skin to cause phlogosis and destroy the issue of human body; it has got hydroscopic.
The technical grade phosphoric acid may be used to produce variety of phosphates, electrolyte treatment liquids such as chemical treatment liquids, refractory mortar with phosphoric acid and inorganic cohere ant. It is also used as a catalyst, drying agent and cleaner. In coating industry it is used as a rust-proof coating for metals.
It is used most commonly in laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides. It is also used as a rust converter (often called naval jelly or rust killer) for converting rust into ferric phosphate. Thus it is efficient for removing rust. It is a ATMP chemical which is produced in large quantities in food industry. It is cheaply produced.
Hence it can be used for providing sour or tangy taste to the processed food. Sometimes it is used for the extraction of citric acid in food industry. It is used in the medical field, basically by the dentists for the correction of irregularities of the teeth (orthodontics) and for dealing with the anatomy, development and diseases of the teeth (dentistry) as an etching solution. It is also used as a teeth whitener to eliminate plaque. It is also the basic constituent in over-the-counter anti-nausea medications which contains high levels of fructose and glucose.
Stating the industrial uses, phosphoric acid is also used as an external standard for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the industrial area it is required for the process used for separating mixtures due to differences in absorbency that is chromatography. It is useful in making phosphoric acid fuel cells, where in it is used as the electrolyte. If one puts two to three drops of phosphoric acid in a gallon of distilled water, it acts as electrolyte in oxy-hydrogen generators.
Copper electro polishing is done by using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. Also this form of phosphoric acid as an electrolyte is used for circuit board planarization and for filing rough edges on work piece. While carrying out the Wentworth Process for activated carbon production, phosphoric acid is used as oxidizing agent.
It is a wet etching agent and hence is commonly used to make impressions on surface. To etch silicon nitride hot phosphoric acid is used in micro fabrication. Due to its defined properties phosphoric acid is also used by construction traders as a cleanser to remove mineral deposits on the sites. It can be used for removing hard water stains as well. It is also used as an aid to soldering in for example in model rail roaders. Phosphoric acid should be stored in a tight container and the area around should be cool, dry and well ventilated.
Hence phosphoric acid is a chemical having abundant uses in industrial applications.
